![]() In addition to their many roles in elections, parties also influence the national government.By promoting party identification in the electorate, parties facilitate mass electoral choice even when party identification fails to persuade voters, by providing voters with a “brand name” parties lower the information costs potential voters encounter in making electoral choices.Parties conduct voter registration drives and mobilization efforts on Election Day in order to counter the free-rider problem and to increase voter participation.Although nominations are sometimes made in party conventions, the dominant means of nominating candidates is by primary elections, which can be either closed primaries (that is, restricted only to party members) or open primaries (where voters declare their party affiliation on the day of the primary). Parties also nominate candidates to be their standard bearers for each race. ![]() Political parties recruit candidates for the thousands of races at the national, state, and local levels.Once formed, what are the essential functions that political parties perform in American democracy and governance? Parties also regulate the career advancement of ambitious officeholders and help resolve the potential problems of competition between ambitious party members.Parties form lasting coalitions within government designed to induce cooperation and to resolve the problems associated with collective choice in the policy-making process.For voters, parties lower information costs by providing a “brand name” that conveys important information about the candidates running under the party label. Parties organize to facilitate collective action in the electoral process indeed, the shape of party organization itself reflects this electoral motivation as party organizational units mirror district or geographical units where elections are held.Political parties are institutions that seek to control the government through the winning of offices whereas interest groups are “benefit seekers” looking for policy gains, parties tend to be composed of office seekers.What fundamental problems do political parties help politicians and voters overcome? This two-party system helps to structure voters’ electoral choice and provide coordination to America’s otherwise divided and separated governing institutions. Although Americans tend to be suspicious of “party rule,” the Democratic and Republican parties are essential to the daily operation of government and the conduct of American democracy in elections. To do so, parties perform essential tasks of recruiting and nominating candidates, garnering the resources needed to run campaigns, and pursuing a policy agenda that can help them appeal to voters. Political parties are teams of politicians, activists, and voters whose goal is to win control of government. Diagnostic/Quiz+ Multiple-Choice QuizzesĬhapter 12 Political Parties Chapter Study Outline.
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